Sains Malaysiana 55(1)(2026): 61-75

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2026-5501-05

 

 

Geospatial-Temporal Coupling of Urbanisation and Water Resources: Landscape Dynamics in Nanchang, China

(Penggandingan Georeruang-Temporal antara Urbanisasi dan Sumber Air: Dinamik Landskap di Nanchang, China)

 

JUAN WANG^1,4, ZHENZHEN LUO^2,4, BENFENG YU^2,3, QINGPEI YANG¹, JIANFENG LI¹, CHUNSHENG WU² & KHAI ERN LEE^3,*

 

¹College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, China

²School of Soil and Water Conservation, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Jiangxi, China

³Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

⁴Jiangxi Linbo Planning and Design Co., Ltd., China

 

Diserahkan: 17 Ogos 2025/Diterima: 12 Januari 2026

 

Abstract

Rapid urbanisation necessitates an understanding of the coupling coordination between urban expansion and water resources to inform sustainable development strategies. However, research on this relationship remains limited in less economically developed regions. This study addresses the gap by examining Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China, using land use and socio-economic data (2000-2020) to analyse geospatial-temporal changes in land use and landscape patterns of construction land and water bodies. A coupling coordination model is applied to assess the relationship between urbanisation and water resources. Findings indicate that cultivated land, water bodies and forest land were major sources of new construction land. The expansion rate and intensity of construction land initially declined before increasing, peaking in 2000-2005. The fractal dimension exhibited a steady rise, while compactness remained relatively stable. Water body area, landscape shape index and edge density generally declined. Landscape fragmentation, separation and cohesion indices fluctuated between 2000 and 2015 but changed significantly in 2015-2020. Spatial overlap between the centroids of construction land and water bodies varied (1.8904-2.9465 km), following a positive-negative-positive cyclical pattern. The coupling coordination degree between urbanisation and water resources improved, progressing through stages from ‘Moderately Unbalanced’ to ‘Highly Balanced’. To foster an urban-water symbiotic pattern, ecological corridors within the water system should be established and construction land boundaries delineated with caution. These findings offer valuable insights for urban planning and water resource management in Nanchang City and other rapidly developing regions.

Keywords: Coupling coordination; landscape pattern; sustainable development; urbanisation; water resources

 

Abstrak

Urbanisasi pesat memerlukan pemahaman tentang penggandingan dan koordinasi antara pengembangan bandar dan sumber air bagi memaklumkan strategi pembangunan lestari. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian mengenai hubungan ini masih terhad di wilayah yang kurang membangun dari segi ekonomi. Kajian ini menangani jurang tersebut dengan meneliti Bandar Nanchang, Wilayah Jiangxi, China dengan menggunakan data guna tanah dan sosio-ekonomi (2000-2020) untuk menganalisis perubahan georeruang-temporal dalam guna tanah dan corak landskap tanah binaan serta badan air. Model penggandingan koordinasi digunakan untuk menilai hubungan antara urbanisasi dan sumber air. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa tanah pertanian, badan air dan hutan merupakan sumber utama kepada tanah binaan baharu. Kadar dan keamatan pengembangan tanah binaan pada awalnya menurun sebelum meningkat semula, dengan kemuncak pada tahun 2000-2005. Dimensi fraktal meningkat secara berterusan, manakala tahap kepadatan kekal agak stabil. Luas badan air, indeks bentuk landskap dan ketumpatan pinggir menurun secara umum. Fragmentasi, pemisahan dan indeks kohesi landskap berfluktuasi antara 2000 hingga 2015 tetapi berubah dengan ketara dalam tempoh 2015-2020. Pertindihan ruang antara pusat jisim tanah binaan dan badan air berbeza-beza (1.8904-2.9465 km) mengikuti corak kitaran positif-negatif-positif. Tahap penggandingan koordinasi antara urbanisasi dan sumber air bertambah baik, melalui tahap daripada ‘Sederhana Tidak Seimbang’ kepada ‘Sangat Seimbang’. Bagi membentuk corak simbiotik bandar-air, koridor ekologi dalam sistem air perlu diwujudkan dan sempadan tanah binaan perlu ditentukan dengan berhati-hati. Penemuan ini memberikan pandangan berharga untuk perancangan bandar dan pengurusan sumber air di Bandar Nanchang serta wilayah lain yang sedang membangun dengan pesat.

Kata kunci: Corak landskap; koordinasi gandingan; pembangunan lestari; sumber air; urbanisasi

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: khaiernlee@ukm.edu.my